Pneumatic tool



Oct. 17, 1933. W w. pRlCE Er AL 1,931,167

PNEUMATI C TOOL Filed July 2, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet l m gg l m 'N x0 l` N l 1 N m .a

d' d "22 N d' p as o nl) u? En Q a L n n i N F* .n w u YY1/ UAM VV. PRlcE, CHARLES VV. R/PscH,

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Oct. 17, 1933. w w. PRlCE ET AL 1,931,167

PNEUMATIG TOOL Filed July 2, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 17, 1933. w. w. PRICE Er Al.

PNEUMATIC TOOL 7n/1W WILL/AM W. PRICE,

A CHARLES WR/PacH,

@ZbW/ Oct. 17, 1933. w, w. PRICE ET Al. 1,931,167

PNEUMATIC TOOL Filed July 2, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 wie Patented Oct. 17, 1933 I 1,931,161vv PATENT ori-ice y PNEUMATIC 'rooL William W. Price and Charles W. Ripsch, Dayton, f Ohio, assignors to vThe Buckeye Portable Tool ,'Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 2, 1927. serial No. 203,062

` claims. (01.121-34) Our invention relates to improvements in pneumatic implements or tools designed to rotate at high speeds emery or Vcarborunduin wheels, drills, etc. h

5 Our invention is in the nature of an improvement on the air-driven implement set forth-in the copending application, Serial. No. 720,682, filed June 17, 1924, Patent N0. 1,758,'l60, granted May 13, 1930. s

The objects of our invention are essentially to simplify and construct a rotor .element with air and lubricant chambers `and the ports therefor, so as to facilitate the manufacture of the implement; to provide for causing the Vair or pressure medium, which constitutes the motive agent,

to operate on blades of the rotor by pressure through a part of the stroke and by pressure due to expansion during the remainder of the stroke; l

Vand also to enable the introduction of the air r' 20 into the cylinder in a manner to hasten and to make earlier the impulses of the blades so as tov increase the speed of rotation; to provide passage-ways for the lubricant `or grease fromthe supply opening on through the tool, so that the f lubricant will have a continuous flowl from its entrance int-o, to and past all of the ball bearings of the rotor and the ball bearings `of the shaft, as well as into the lubricant chambers in the rotor, and thence in attenuated `quantities into the cylinder to make the blades slide easily;

to provide an interlocked and exible connecq tion between the rotor shaft and the drivenshaft so that while the rotor shaft will drive or rotate the other shaft, still anylack of perfect alignment of the bearings of the two shafts will not cause any binding of either shaft; and thrust on the other shaft will not be transmitted to the rotor shaft; to provide a means of governing the speed and power or torque exerted by the tool, this means comprising the provision of interchangeable cylinders carrying rotor elements y the tool by providing interchangeable cylindersof different lengths, it being found that the length of the cylinder governs the saidV speed and power; for example, the shorter cylinder increases the speed and reduces the torque or pull, while a longer cylinder decreases the speed and increases the torque or pull; to provide an air seal between'the cylinder wall and the rotor` and VV blades; which seal maintains the pressure of air generally at 2, the driven shaft section indicated lin Athe space between each bladeand said seal; .l

to provide in the air inlet a strainer .for the air whereby dust andi similar suspended particles in the air may be taken out before theair gets into the mechanism of the tool; and finally toreo provide vexpansion chambers for thejair .in the cylinder walls, and to providea plurality of ports leadingfrom the said chamber into the outer atmosphere, thereby to eliminate any disagreeable whistle during the loperation of the tool. f

Referring now to the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the tool, with parts insection.

- Figure 2 represents the construction of the air inlet, sho-wing the lter medium in place.

"Figure 3 is a longitudinal section takenY through the centralgplane of the tool. l Figure 4 is a lpartial sectionA on the line .4 4 of Figure 3. l I

Figure 5 is a section takenon the -1ineY5--5 7 5y of Figure 3. y y 1 ,Figure 6 is a bottom plan view showing the outside casing of the tool. ,i

Figure 7 is aview on the line 7-7 of Figure 3.v

ofy five.

y Figure 9 is a longitudinal"sectionl through` the cylinder section of the tool, the viewbeing taken at right angles to the showing of Figure 3. A

Figure 10 is a view similar tofFigure 3 show,` f ing the section through the cylinderksection :of the tool. Figure 10 shows a comparison cfa cylinder headl `with a shorter cylinder, such as shown in Figure 11. f M KA90 l Figure 11 isa view similar to Figure 10 but showing a shorter cylinder inserted betweenthe heads, the handle portion and the so-call'ed driven portion being thereby brought closer together. e l y Referring to the drawings, it`wil1 be seen that the `improved implement. is composed of four general sections, the handle section indicated Y. generally. at 1; the` cylinder section indicated at 3, and the rotor element indicated by 4 and 4a. The handle section consists of a handle proper having an air inlet channel 5 intowhich is screwed a bushing 5a to 'receive a coupling, 7 adapted for connection with a hose or other means of supply ofthe pressure medium constituting `the motive agent, which may be compressed air. .The channel 5 leads into an inletv passage 8 controlled by valve 9 seated by aspring 10', held 110 screw cap 35.

action of the air is taking place. As the passages 28 get their supplyv ofv air from the same source, it will be seen that rthe `blades are put under effective outward pressure at the time they areV receiving the 4pressure and Vexpansive action of the air. It will also be seen that' l the Y air inlet 28 is cut off before the blade reachesY e 30h and the portsor passages 28 due to return movement of the blades, caused by their contact Ywith the 'inner walls of the cylinder.

It will be understood that there is provided a complete system of air passagewaysby vwhich the motive agent is introduced into the implement and is controlled and directedtherethrough in a manner to produce high speed and power according to the quantity and pressure of the air admitted, and that a smooth-running and effective rotation results therefrom.

Reviewing this system, it may be pointed out that the air goes from inlet 5 through opening 8 into passageway 15, out of this passageway through the port 16 into the chambers 30, the ports 28 of the rotor, into the cylinder chamber 27,` through ports 32 into the chamber l33, through ports 34 into the outer outside atmosphere.

Reference will now be made to the lubricating' 'system with which the implement is'equip'ped.

Itconsists of a lubricant passage 34a closed by any appropriate closing means, as for example See Figure 9. K This passage 34a opens into a chamber36 within the handle section in which the lubricant is forced so that it works its way through the ball bearings, while a portion of the lubricant stream enters the chambers37 surrounding the valve cylinder 15 and within the sleeve 4. This structure is best shown in Figure 9. From `the ball bearings Vthe lubricant passes through the passages 38 intoA reservoirs-39, these reservoirs being'located Within the bodyof the rotor.

These reservoirs become filled with lubricant,l

which is preferably inthe nature of a grease of a convenient consistency. The reservoirs 39 also serve as holes for the equalization of air pressure on theV ends of the rotor 4a.

At the ends of the reservoirs areporous or absorbent packings 40 through which the lubricant works its way to lubricate the ends of the body of the rotor which contact with theplates 25 and 26. The lubricant then passes through passages 38 and around the ball bearings 23, held in the ring 22, which are secured in any desirable way in the recess 24, exactly in the manner as mentioned above. It thenV passes out into the chamber 44a, surrounding the driven shaft 44, the chamber 44a serving as a reservoir for the lubricant, it being completely filled thereby. The lubricant works its way down through the bearings 45 and 46, and is retained within the chamber by the seal 55a. This seal 55a is backed by an absorbent packing 57, the seal and its packing eifectively preventing any leakage of the lubricant. From the reservoir 44a the lubricant works its way through the groove 5l of the interlocked connection between the sleeve 4 and Vthe longer cylinder, and,

blades afford more power as the longer blades the driven shaft, and 'ows into the space 52 between -the end ofthe valve cylinder 15 andthe head f the driven shaft 44vcarried by the sleeve 4. `VThe lubricant will fill this space 52 and eilectv a thorough lubrication of the parts. i

It will 'be seen that a means for providing lubricant may be inserted` into the portion 3, this means consisting of the'opening 47 through the casing', the Vopening 47 vbeing adapted to be closed by any appropriate means such as screw y cap 48.` If this opening is employed with theintroduction of the lubricant the-course ofthe iiow of-fthe lubricant will be opposite to that vwhich has been described above. However,- after VVthedevice isfilledwith the lubricant, the results willl be the same regardless of whether the 1ubricant was introduced throughthe opening 35 or By this lubricating system it has been found Vthat the rotor andV its bearings' do' not heat notwithstanding the high speed of the rotor, rang-' ing from 0` to 20,000 or -more revolutions per `At its end, the portion 3 is screw threaded, as shown 'at 53, and aA bushing 54 is screwed therein. Into this bushing is inserted a' clamping disc `54a secured to the shaft by akey and maintained in approximate position vrby a cotter pin 54h. When the wheel is in position it is held by the Vmember 55 cooperating with the member 54a. `This member 55 is adjusted against thev wheel by l.torfrorn ying sparks and hot fragments, as well as against danger in case of breakage of` the Wheel itself.

This housing suiciently Referring to Figure ll, it will be seen that there has been inserted a cylinder sectionmuch shorterI than that illustrated inthe remaining figures,V comparisonv being made for example, with Figure 10. These cylinder sections, while interchangeable, arey practically identical in structure. yA' shorter cylinder increases the speed anljreduces. the torque or pull of the Idevice, While" a longer cylinder decreases the speed and increases the torque or pull. Thus therefore increase the pressure area or surface on which the compressed air acts, while shorter cylinder and therefore shorter blades reduces the pressure area or the surface to be filled, which greatly increases the speed of the tool. p With respect to the air seal formed in the chamber 27, it may be mentioned that this seal maintains a pressure of air in the space between each blade and such seal. by giving the wall of the cylinder at particular points where the rotor;- seals with the cylinder wall'substantially the same radius as the rotor itself so that this part of the cylinder wallhas a slight recess or pocket into whichthe rotor fits, allowing say.0015 of an inch of clearance of the rotor from such part of the cylinder wall.

Referring to Figure 8, it will be seen that in the form shown in this gure the rotorV is pro-` vided with three blades 31 instead of the five shown in Figure 7. The operation of this type longer Y This seal is formed of rotor, which is interchangeable with the other type, is identical` with the said other form. With reference to this feature ofthe number of blades, it may be pointed out that this variation in the number of blades governs the speed and power or torque exerted by the tool, three blades giving more speed to the rotor but less pull orv torque,` while iive bladesv give less speed and more pull or torque. This is seemingly because there are two expansive chambers or spaces in the `cylinder where the air acts expansively, which exerted on the'rotor by the air than in the case of'three blades with one expansive chamber.

Access may be had to the valve stem 12 by the removal of the cap 11 and access may be had to" the passageway 15 by the removal of a cap 17, as shown in Figures 1 and 10.

Lastly, there may bel particularly mentioned ,the strainer shown inFigure 2, which consists of two or more wire gauze discs 7a spaced apart by a washer 'lb and clamped between the two sections of the air tube. f By placing the two discs of gauze slightly apart, it has been found that a very perfect strainer is produced, by which the air is strained of the dust .which in turn keeps thedust from entering into the' tube to prevent serious injury due to the high speed vof the rotative parts. The coupling is made in two parts to facili-tate the readyv assembly or disassembly for cleaning kor renewing the strainer discs. f

It willbe understood that it is desired to comprehend within our invention such modications as may be necessary to adapt it to varying conditions. Y

Having thus fully described our invention what we claim is new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a pneumatic` tool, .in combination with a handle sectionha-ving thereon a valve `cylinder and a chamber around the valve cylinder and with a driven shaft section'having a bearing seat therein, a sleeve supported for rotation on the valve cylinder, bearing .members on each end of the sleeve, the bearing members on onek end of thesleeve fitting in the chamber and supported by the handle section and the'bearingfrnembers on the other end kof the sleeve supper-ted by .the driven shaft section in the bearing seat, .a rotor yattached to the sleeve, and .a cylinder connecting the two sections and'containing the' rotor.

2. In afpneumatic tool, in combination with a handle section having thereon .a valve cylinder and a chamber around the valve cylinder and with a driven. shaft section lhaving a bearing seat therein, asleeve supported for Vrotation on the valve cylinder, bearing members on each end of the sleeve, the bearing membersI on one end of ,the sleeve fitting in the chamber and supported by the handle section and the bearing-,members on the other end of thel sleeve supported bythe driven shaft section'in the bearing seat, a rotor attached to the sleeve, a metal bearing plate at each end of the rotor adjacent one set of the bearing members, a cylinder around the rotor between the plates, and means for holding sections and the plates to the cylinder. K

3. In a pneumatic tool, in combination, with a handle section having thereon -a valve `cylinder andwith a driven shaft section, .a cylinder connecting the sections, a sleeve on the valve cylinder and having bearing members at each end supported by onerof the sections, a rotor attached to `the sleeve in the cylinder, and a driven shaft in the driven shaft section lconnected to the sleeve for longitudinal movement independent of the sleeve.

4. In a pneumatic tool, in combination with a y handle section having thereon a valve cylinder and Va chamber around the valve cylinder and with a driven shaft section having `a bearing Vseat therein, a rotor supported for .rotation ,on

ported by the driven shaft section in the bearing seat, and a cylinder connecting the two Asections and containing the rotor.

5. In a pneumatic tool, in lcombination with a handle section having thereon a valve cylinder and a .chamber around the valve cylinder and with a driven shaft section having a bearing rseat therein, a rotor supported for rotation on the valve cylinder, bearing members `on each end of the rotor, the `bear-ing members .onone end 0I" theV rotor tting in the chamber and supported by the handle section and the bearing `members on the other endV of the rotor supported by the driven shaft section in the bearing seat, a metal bearing plate at each end of the rotor adjacent one set of the bearing members, acylinder around the rotor between the plates,

land v'means for holding sections and the plates to the,v cylinder. s

' 1 WILLIAM W. PRICE.

cIIAs. w.' RIPSCH. 

